As You Like It: Act 5, Scene 4
Enter DUKE SENIOR, AMIENS, JAQUES, ORLANDO, OLIVER, CELIA. DUKE SENIOR
1 Dost thou believe, Orlando, that the boy 2 Can do all this that he hath promised? ORLANDO
3 I sometimes do believe, and sometimes do not;4. fear they hope, and know they fear: i.e., fear that they are only hoping for the best, and know that they fear the worst.
4 As those that fear they hope, and know they fear. Enter ROSALIND, SILVIUS, and PHEBE. ROSALIND
5. whiles our compact is urg'd: while our agreement is put forward [for review and confirmation].
5 Patience once more, whiles our compact is urg'd: 6 You say, if I bring in your Rosalind, 7 You will bestow her on Orlando here? DUKE SENIOR
8. had I: even if I had. In the real life of Shakespeare's time, a man who had kingdoms to give with his daughter would want to give them to a future son-in-law who was equally wealthy, but in this As You Like It world the fact that Orlando has nothing is fine with Rosalind's father.
8 That would I, had I kingdoms to give with her. ROSALIND
9 And you say, you will have her, when I bring her? ORLANDO
10 That would I, were I of all kingdoms king. ROSALIND
11 You say, you'll marry me, if I be willing? PHEBE
12 That will I, should I die the hour after. ROSALIND
13 But if you do refuse to marry me, 14 You'll give yourself to this most faithful shepherd? PHEBE
15 So is the bargain. ROSALIND
16 You say, that you'll have Phebe, if she will? SILVIUS
17 Though to have her and death were both one thing. ROSALIND
18. I have promised to make all this matter even: I have promised to clear the way, in order that all of this can happen.
18 I have promised to make all this matter even. 19 Keep you your word, O duke, to give your daughter; 20 You yours, Orlando, to receive his daughter: 21 Keep your word, Phebe, that you'll marry me, 22 Or else refusing me, to wed this shepherd: 23 Keep your word, Silvius, that you'll marry her. 24 If she refuse me: and from hence I go,25. make these doubts all even: i.e., make these seeming impossibilities come true.
25 To make these doubts all even. Exeunt ROSALIND and CELIA. DUKE SENIOR
26. do remember: am reminded (of).
27. lively: lifelike. touches: aspects, details. favour: appearance.
27. lively: lifelike. touches: aspects, details. favour: appearance.
26 I do remember in this shepherd boy 27 Some lively touches of my daughter's favour. ORLANDO
28 My lord, the first time that I ever saw him 29 Methought he was a brother to your daughter: 30 But, my good lord, this boy is forest-born, 31 And hath been tutor'd in the rudiments32. desperate: dangerous [because magical].
32 Of many desperate studies by his uncle, 33 Whom he reports to be a great magician,34. Obscured: hidden. the circle of this forest: Perhaps this is an allusion to the circle within which a magician was supposedly safe during his dealing with spirits.
34 Obscured in the circle of this forest. Enter Clown [TOUCHSTONE] and AUDREY. JAQUES
35. toward: on the way.
35 There is, sure, another flood toward, and these 36 couples are coming to the ark. Here comes a 37 pair of very strange beasts, which in all tongues 38 are called fools. TOUCHSTONE
39 Salutation and greeting to you all! JAQUES
40 Good my lord, bid him welcome: this is the41. motley-minded: scatter-brained.
41 motley-minded gentleman that I have so often met 42. courtier: a companion or advisor to a king. Now (CE 2017) this type of person, one who trades the illusion of friendship for political favors, would be called a lobbyist. 43‑44. put me to my purgation: challenge me to clear myself (of the charge of lying). 44. measure: a slow, stately dance.
42 in the forest: he hath been a courtier, he swears. TOUCHSTONE
43 If any man doubt that, let him put me to my 44 purgation. I have trod a measure; I have flattered 45 a lady; I have been politic with my friend, smooth46. undone three tailors: bankrupted three tailors. The English upper classes have long considered paying tailors to be an optional act of generosity.
47. and like to have fought one: and almost had to fight one.
48. how was that ta'en up?: how did that turn out?
47. and like to have fought one: and almost had to fight one.
48. how was that ta'en up?: how did that turn out?
46 with mine enemy; I have undone three tailors; I 47 have had four quarrels, and like to have fought one. JAQUES
48 And how was that ta'en up? TOUCHSTONE
49 Faith, we met, and found the quarrel was upon 50 the seventh cause. JAQUES
51-52. like this fellow: you have to love this guy.
51 How seventh cause? Good my lord, like this 52 fellow. DUKE SENIOR
53 I like him very well. TOUCHSTONE
54. God 'ild you, sir; I desire you of the like: i.e., thank you sir; I wish you the same.
56. copulatives: i.e., people desiring to couple. to swear and forswear: to swear love to one and to forswear all others, as in the common marriage vow: "forsaking all others keep thee only unto her/him" 57. as marriage binds and blood breaks: i.e., as marriage binds people to their wedding vows and as passion makes them break those vows. a poor virgin: i.e., Audrey. 59. humour: whim. 60. honesty: chastity.
56. copulatives: i.e., people desiring to couple. to swear and forswear: to swear love to one and to forswear all others, as in the common marriage vow: "forsaking all others keep thee only unto her/him" 57. as marriage binds and blood breaks: i.e., as marriage binds people to their wedding vows and as passion makes them break those vows. a poor virgin: i.e., Audrey. 59. humour: whim. 60. honesty: chastity.
54 God 'ild you, sir; I desire you of the like. I 55 press in here, sir, amongst the rest of the country 56 copulatives, to swear and to forswear: according 57 as marriage binds and blood breaks: a poor virgin, 58 sir, an ill-favoured thing, sir, but mine own; a poor 59 humour of mine, sir, to take that that no man else 60 will: rich honesty dwells like a miser, sir, in a 61 poor house; as your pearl in your foul oyster. DUKE SENIOR
62. swift and sententious: quick-witted and pithy.
62 By my faith, he is very swift and sententious. TOUCHSTONE
63-64. According to the fool's bolt, sir, and such dulcet diseases: i.e., It's like the proverb says, "A fool's bolt [arrow] is soon shot," meaning that wittiness is the sweet disease of fools, so that a fool can't keep himself from making witty remarks. The Duke has just praised Touchstone for being "swift and sententious," and this is Touchstone's answer.
63 According to the fool's bolt, sir, and such dulcet 64 diseases. JAQUES
65 But, for the seventh cause; how did you find 66 the quarrel on the seventh cause? TOUCHSTONE
67-68. bear your body more seeming, Audrey: Audrey must be doing some impossibly awkward lolling about.
69. dislike: find fault with.
69. dislike: find fault with.
67 Upon a lie seven times removedbear your 68 body more seeming, Audreyas thus, sir. I 69 did dislike the cut of a certain courtier's beard: 70 he sent me word, if I said his beard was not cut 71 well, he was in the mind it was: this is called the 72 Retort Courteous. If I sent him word again 'it was 73 not well cut,' he would send me word, he cut it 74. Modest: moderate.
74 to please himself: this is called the Quip Modest. 75-76. disabled my judgment: i.e., said I didn't know what I was talking about.
75 If again 'it was not well cut,' he disabled my 76 judgment: this is called the Reply Churlish. If 77 again 'it was not well cut,' he would answer, I 78 spake not true: this is called the Reproof Valiant. 79 If again 'it was not well cut,' he would say I lied: 80. Countercheck: counter-rebuff.
80 this is called the Countercheck Quarrelsome: 81. Circumstantial: indirect.
81 and so to the Lie Circumstantial and the Lie 82 Direct. JAQUES
83 And how oft did you say his beard was not well 84 cut? TOUCHSTONE
85 I durst go no further than the Lie Circumstantial, 86 nor he durst not give me the Lie Direct; and so we87. measur'd swords: i.e., only prepared for duelling. One of the preliminaries of a duel was measuring of the duelists' swords, to make sure that one wasn't longer than the other.
87 measured swords and parted. JAQUES
88. nominate: name over.
88 Can you nominate in order now the degrees of the 89 lie? TOUCHSTONE
90. by the book: according to established rules. Touchstone is making fun of such books as Vincent Saviolo's Practice of the Rapier and Dagger (1594-5), the second part of which is entitled "Honor and Honorable Quarrels," with a section headed "Of the Manner and Diversity of Lies."
90 O sir, we quarrel in print, by the book; as you have 91 books for good manners: I will name you the degrees. 92 The first, the Retort Courteous; the second, the 93 Quip Modest; the third, the Reply Churlish; the 94 fourth, the Reproof Valiant; the fifth, the 95 Countercheck Quarrelsome; the sixth, the Lie with 96 Circumstance; the seventh, the Lie Direct. All 97 these you may avoid but the Lie Direct; and you may 98 avoid that too, with an If. I knew when seven99. take up: settle.
99 justices could not take up a quarrel, but when the100 parties were met themselves, one of them thought 101 but of an If, as, 'If you said so, then I said so;' and102. swore brothers: i.e., swore eternal brotherhood.
102 they shook hands and swore brothers. Your If is the
103 only peacemaker; much virtue in If. JAQUES
104 Is not this a rare fellow, my lord? he's as good at105 any thing and yet a fool. DUKE SENIOR
106. stalking-horse: a deceptive cover used by a hunter to get within shooting distance of his quarry.
107. the presentation of that: i.e., the appearance of being a fool. Hymen: god of marriage.
107. the presentation of that: i.e., the appearance of being a fool. Hymen: god of marriage.
106 He uses his folly like a stalking-horse and under107 the presentation of that he shoots his wit. Enter HYMEN, ROSALIND, and CELIA.Still music: soft music.
Still Music. HYMEN
108. mirth: joy.
108 Then is there mirth in heaven,109-110. When earthly things made even / Atone together: i.e., when human affairs are smoothed out and everyone sings the same tune.
109 When earthly things made even110 Atone together.111 Good duke, receive thy daughter112 Hymen from heaven brought her,
Hymen
by
Andrea Commodi (1560-1648)
113 Yea, brought her hither,114 That thou mightst join her hand with his115 Whose heart within his bosom is. ROSALIND
[To Duke Senior.] 116 To you I give myself, for I am yours. [To Orlando.]117 To you I give myself, for I am yours. DUKE SENIOR
118 If there be truth in sight, you are my daughter. ORLANDO
119 If there be truth in sight, you are my Rosalind. PHEBE
120 If sight and shape be true,121 Why then, my love adieu! ROSALIND
[To Duke Senior.]122 I'll have no father, if you be not he: [To Orlando.]123 I'll have no husband, if you be not he: [To Phebe.]124 Nor ne'er wed woman, if you be not she. HYMEN
125 Peace, ho! I bar confusion:126 'Tis I must make conclusion127 Of these most strange events:128 Here's eight that must take hands129 To join in Hymen's bands,130. If truth holds true contents: i.e., if truth is true.
130 If truth holds true contents. [To Orlando and Rosalind.]131. cross: disagreement.
131 You and you no cross shall part: [To Oliver and Celia.]132 You and you are heart in heart [To Phebe.]133. accord: assent.
133 You to his love must accord,134. to: for.
134 Or have a woman to your lord: [To Touchstone and Audrey.]135. sure together: securely joined.
135 You and you are sure together,136 As the winter to foul weather. [To all four couples.]137 Whiles a wedlock-hymn we sing,138. Feed: satisfy. questioning: mutual conversation.
139. That reason wonder may diminish: so that rational explanation may diminish amazement.
139. That reason wonder may diminish: so that rational explanation may diminish amazement.
138 Feed yourselves with questioning;139 That reason wonder may diminish,140 How thus we met, and these things finish. SONG141. Juno's: Juno was the goddess of marriage.
141 Wedding is great Juno's crown:142 O blessed bond of board and bed!143 'Tis Hymen peoples every town;144. High: solemn.
144 High wedlock then be honoured:145 Honour, high honour and renown,146 To Hymen, god of every town! DUKE SENIOR [To Celia.]
147 O my dear niece, welcome thou art to me!148. Even daughter, welcome, in no less degree: i.e., as much as a daughter, welcome.
148 Even daughter, welcome, in no less degree. PHEBE
149 I will not eat my word, now thou art mine;150. Thy faith my fancy to thee doth combine: i.e., your faithful devotion to me now makes me unite with you in love.
150 Thy faith my fancy to thee doth combine. Enter Second Brother [JAQUES DE BOYS]. JAQUES DE BOYS
151 Let me have audience for a word or two:152 I am the second son of old Sir Rowland,153 That bring these tidings to this fair assembly.154 Duke Frederick, hearing how that every day155 Men of great worth resorted to this forest,156. Address'd: made ready, called up. power: army.
157. In his own conduct: under his personal command.
157. In his own conduct: under his personal command.
156 Address'd a mighty power; which were on foot,157 In his own conduct, purposely to take158 His brother here and put him to the sword:159 And to the skirts of this wild wood he came;160 Where meeting with an old religious man,161. question: conversation.
161 After some question with him, was converted162 Both from his enterprise and from the world,163 His crown bequeathing to his banish'd brother,164 And all their lands restored to them again165 That were with him exiled. This to be true,166. engage: pledge.
166 I do engage my life. DUKE SENIOR
166 Welcome, young man;167. Thou offer'st fairly: you bring handsome gifts. The gifts are named in the next two lines. To Oliver, the gift is the lands that Duke Frederick seized when Oliver failed to deliver Orlando to him. To Orlando the gift is the restored dukedom of Duke Senior, which Orlando, as husband of the Duke's only child (Rosalind), will inherit after the Duke's death.
171. begot: conceived. 172. every: every one.
173. shrewd: sorely difficult.
171. begot: conceived. 172. every: every one.
173. shrewd: sorely difficult.
167 Thou offer'st fairly to thy brothers' wedding:168 To one his lands withheld, and to the other169 A land itself at large, a potent dukedom.170 First, in this forest, let us do those ends171 That here were well begun and well begot:172 And after, every of this happy number173 That have endured shrewd days and nights with us174 Shall share the good of our returned fortune,175. states: ranks.
175 According to the measure of their states.176. new-fall'n: newly acquired.
176 Meantime, forget this new-fall'n dignity177 And fall into our rustic revelry.178. music: band of musicians.
179. to the measures fall: dance to the music.
179. to the measures fall: dance to the music.
178 Play, music! And you, brides and bridegrooms all,179 With measure heap'd in joy, to the measures fall. JAQUES
180. by your patience: with your indulgence.
180 Sir, by your patience. If I heard you rightly,181 The duke hath put on a religious life182. pompous: i.e., full of pomp and circumstance.
182 And thrown into neglect the pompous court? JAQUES DE BOYS
183 He hath. JAQUES
184. convertites: converts.
185. matter: sound sense.
185. matter: sound sense.
184 To him will I : out of these convertites185 There is much matter to be heard and learn'd. [To DUKE SENIOR.]186 You to your former honour I bequeath;187 Your patience and your virtue well deserves it: [To ORLANDO.]188 You to a love that your true faith doth merit: [To OLIVER.]189. great allies: i.e., powerful relations. Oliver is brother to Orlando, who is now the next heir (by the right of Rosalind) to the dukedom. Oliver's previous vow to live and die a shepherd in the forest with "Aliena" has been forgotten.
190. long: i.e., long awaited and desired.
190. long: i.e., long awaited and desired.
189 You to your land and love and great allies: [To SILVIUS.]190 You to a long and well-deserved bed: [To TOUCHSTONE.]191 And you to wrangling; for thy loving voyage192 Is but for two months victuall'd. So, to your pleasures:193 I am for other than for dancing measures. DUKE SENIOR
194 Stay, Jaques, stay. JAQUES
195. What you would have: i.e., whatever you want of me before I leave.
195 To see no pastime I. What you would have196 I'll stay to know at your abandon'd cave. DUKE SENIOR
197 Proceed, proceed. We'll begin these rites,198 As I do trust they'll end, in true delights. Exeunt.